Ecology

Population:

A lot of members of one species together and interacting in an area is called a population
Population ecologists study the reasons for change in size of a population

Community:

2 or more populations of different species living together is called a community
Community ecologists study the effects of interaction the members of a community and the environment on the number of members of each species in a community

Eco systems:

Groups of organisms in an area along with the non-living partsSoil, water, air etc.
Ecosystem ecology explores the flow of energy and materials through an ecosystem
Ecosystem ecology also explores the effects of the physical environment on the living parts

Biome:

Area where organisms evolved similar techniques to adapt to a general set of condition

Biosphere:

Anything thing that gets used by anything that is alive, including the atmosphere and earth

Biotic factors:

These are the living matter that affect the ecology
These include predators and, plants or animals that provide competition or benefits

Abiotic factors:

These are the non-living properties that affect the ecology
These include temperature, moisture, sunlight, elevation, etc.

The most influential factors are temperature and water

The temperature affects the performance of enzymes,
Low temperature decreases the rate of reactions and high temperature changes the shape of enzymes making them less effective
The highest biodiversity is found in places with ideal temperature for enzymes

Autotrophs are the base of every food chain and they require water
Water is required by all animals to maintain homeostasis in their bodies

Tropical rainforests:

Places which get around 300 centimeters of rain in a year and have temperatures around 25 to 30° C are the tropical rainforests
They are generally close to the equator and have huge amounts of biodiversity

Tundra:

Places with very little precipitation, frigid climates and short growing seasons
They mainly exist in the arctic, antarctic and high up in mountains
There is very little biodiversity and trees cannot grow

Desert:

Places with very little rainfall and high temperatures
There is very little water and biodiversity

Temperate biomes:

Biomes that exists between the temperature and precipitation ranges for tropical rainforests, tundras and deserts
These include,

Temperate grasslands found in the North American prairies
Temperate deciduous forests found in Europe and North America
Taigas/coniferous forests found in Canada, northern Russia and Scandinavia

Temperate forests have more rainfall and temperate grasslands have very few trees

Marine biomes:

Due to the abundance of water, marine ecosystems are divided based on temperature, pressure, oxygen content, darkness etc.