Nomenclature of organic compounds:

Organic compound:

Compound containing at least 1 C-H bond

IUPAC:

Organization outlying chemistry and its use

Aliphatic

Compounds which do not have continuos conjugation around a ring

Alicyclic:

Aliphatic compounds that have 1 ring

Bicylic:

Aliphatic compounds containing 2 rings and 2 carbons common to both rings

Tricyclic:

Aliphatic compounds containing 3 rings and 2 carbons common to the rings

Spiro:

Aliphatic compounds containing 2 or more rings and having 1 carbon common between rings

Purification of organic compounds and Identification of unkown compounds

Extraction:

Removal of desired compound from a mixture

Alkaloids:

Naturally occurring organic compounds with at least 1 nitrogen in them

Solvent:

Fluid in which things are dissolved

Purification:

Increasing concentration of desired compound

Sublimation:

Direct conversion of phase of substance from solid phase to gas phase

Crystallisation:

Formation of crystals of a substance

Distillation:

Boiling a mixture of substances with very different boiling points in a special setup in order to extract them

Fractional distillation:

Distillation performed with a fractionating column added to the setup for extraction of substances with similar boiling points from a mixture

Steam volatile:

Compound which is easily vapourised on passing steam through it

Steam distillation:

Distillation in which steam is passed through steam volatile compound and compound is extracted from steam by condensing the steam and using a separating funnel

Stationary Phase

A substance that does not move during chromatography.

Moving phase

Fluid that is passed over the stationary phase during chromatography

Eluant

Solvent used to remove an adsorbed substance

Chromatography

Method of extraction based on polarity difference.Compound is placed onto the stationary phase and the moving phase is passed over it

Gas chromatography

Chromatography where the mixture of gases and the moving phase passes through a long column coated by the stationary phase and a detector detects the time when gases exit along with their concentrations and records them onto a chart recorder

Molecular weight

Weight of the molecule in grams/mol

Volatile

Easily forms fumes

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